Skip to main content

Assistive Technology

Assistive technology is a generic term that includes a variety of products, devices, and software applications used by individuals with disabilities to participate and interact with the world around them.

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), §300.5, defines assistive technology as:

"any item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially off the shelf, modified, or customized, that is used to increase, maintain, or improve the functional capabilities of a child with a disability. The term does not include a medical device that is surgically implanted, or the replacement of such device."

Assistive technology may also consist of both “low tech” and “high tech” solutions, depending on the needs of the student and the nature of the interaction. Using on-screen magnifiers or text-to-speech solutions built in to computer operating systems can provide students with some functionality. For students who require additional support, third-party applications can often extend and improve upon the level of access needed.

More recently, the increased prevalence of mobile devices and apps allows for greater personalization of such devices for individuals with disabilities. This has resulted in a shift from institutions dictating the type of assistive technologies a student would use to a student advocating the assistive technology solution that works best for their needs. The opportunity to customize an individual device offers a student greater independence and autonomy when engaging with the campus community.

 

Tool NameApp TypesIntended AudienceFree or PaidPlatforms
Natural Reader Text-to-Speech Dyslexia, Visual Impairments Both Windows, Web, Chrome Extension, iOS, Android
Kurzweil 3000 Text-to-Speech, OCR Dyslexia, Learning Disabilities, Visual Impairments Paid

Windows, macOS

Read the Web extension for Chrome, Firefox, and Edge

Glean Note-taking Students with Various Disabilities Paid Web, iOS, Android
Otter.Ai Speech Recognition, Transcription, Note-taking Students with Various Disabilities Both Web, Chrome Extension, iOS, Android
Dragon Professional 16 Speech Recognition Mobility Impairments, Learning Disabilities Paid iOS, Android
Dragon Anywhere Speech Recognition Mobility Impairments, Learning Disabilities Paid Windows
NVDA Screen Reader Blind or Visually Impaired Free Windows
JAWS Screen Reader Blind or Visually Impaired Paid Windows
ZoomText Screen Magnification, Screen Reading Low Vision Paid Windows
Fusion (JAWS + ZoomText) Screen Reader, Magnification, Voice Control Blind or Low Vision Paid Windows
Refreshable Braille Display Braille Output Blind or Visually Impaired Paid Windows, macOS, Linux, Mobile

The Windows and macOS operating systems offer multiple keyboard solutions and tools that are built into your computer's operating system. While these may not offer the same level of functionality and customization available from commercial or open-source assistive technology solutions, they can provide a basic level of access that may be suitable for some students.

NameTypeOperating SystemDescription
Narrator Screen Reader Windows

Windows Narrator is a screen-reading software provided as a part of the Windows operating system. Narrator’s features are more limited than features of JAWS and NVDA and, so far, it has a very limited number of users. Narrator, however, has one important feature: it allows blind users to install Windows operating system independent of sighted assistance. 

Get started with Narrator

VoiceOver Screen Reader MacOS

VoiceOver is a computer and mobile screen-reader program for Mac and iOS. VoiceOver functions on Mac, iPhones, and iPads, and supports gestures, keyboards, and braille displays. It supports more than 35 languages, including multiple voice options. VoiceOver is built into Apple products, so there are no additional costs or downloads. VoiceOver supports Safari and Opera, email, PDFs, and all built-in Mac apps.

VoiceOver Getting Started Guide

Magnifier Screen Magnifier Windows

Windows Magnifier allows for three different magnification methods: full screen (magnifying the entire screen); lens (superimposes a magnifying lens on the screen that the user can move around and resize); and docked (a set, docked portion of the screen is magnified). The program works with touch-screen and allows for a variety of keyboard shortcuts.

Zoom & Display Options Screen Magnifier MacOS

Zoom for macOS allows for a magnified view of the desktop environment as well as applications. Zoom options include the ability to follow the keyboard focus, speak items under the pointer, and use gestures to increase or decrease the magnified viewport.

The macOS Display Options provides the capability to invert colors and modify contrast settings for the desktop environment. The Display Options also offer the option to switch the view to grayscale as well as reduce the screen transparency.

High-Contrast Mode Low Vision Tool Windows

Windows high-contrast mode is intended for use by individuals with low vision and/or color-blindness. It applies specific color schemes to on-screen content to make text easier to read.

Microsoft article on High-contrast mode

On-Screen Keyboard Input Accessibility Option  Windows Windows On-Screen Keyboard (referred to as the Accessibility Keyboard for Mac) allows the individual to use a computer without an external keyboard. Using either a touch screen, pointer device (e.g. a mouse), or assistive device (e.g. a switch device), they can interact with a standard keyboard visually displayed on-screen, producing the same results as would an external keyboard. This can be very helpful for individuals with physical and/or cognitive impairments.
Sticky Keys Input Accessibility Option Windows
MacOS

Sticky keys is available on both the Windows and Mac operating systems. It allows users with physical impairments to press a single key at a time, in sequence, to perform commands that otherwise require pressing multiple keys at once (e.g. CTRL+ALT+DEL to launch the Task Manager on Windows or Cmd+T to open a new tab on MacOS).

Mac OS X: Sticky Keys | Windows 7: Sticky Keys

Mouse Keys Input Accessibility Option Windows
MacOS
Mouse Keys is available on both the Windows and Mac operating systems. It allows users to move their cursor with their keyboard number pad rather than a mouse.
FilterKeys & Slow Keys Input Accessibility Option Windows
MacOS
Windows FilterKeys and Slow Keys for Mac allows users to customize the length of time a key must be pressed before the system reads the keyboard input. This function allows short or repeated keystrokes to be ignored, an accessibility function for users with hand tremors.
Accessibility Keyboard Input Accessibility Option MacOS

The Accessibility Keyboard (referred to as the On-Screen Keyboard for Windows) allows an individual to use a computer without an external keyboard. Using either a touch screen, pointer device (e.g. a mouse), or assistive device (e.g. a switch device), they can interact with a standard keyboard visually displayed on-screen, producing the same results as would an external keyboard. This can be very helpful for individuals with physical and/or cognitive impairments.

Switch Control and Accessibility Keyboard Guide

Switch Control Adaptive Device Control MacOS

Switch Control for macOS allows users to interact with their computer using an adaptive external device, such as a joystick or sip-and-puff switch, or a keyboard key or mouse button. Users can customize the interaction with their device to enter text, communicate with on screen items and apps, and otherwise command their Mac.

Switch Control and Accessibility Keyboard Guide

Windows Speech Recognition Voice Control Windows

Windows Speech Recognition  is a feature that gives access to most computer features with the use of voice. Users can set up a short voice profile to be used for dictation through various programs and applications. For more information view the resources below:

Windows Speech Recognition | Windows Speech Commands

macOS Voice Control Voice Control MacOS

With Voice Control, you can navigate and interact with your Mac using only your voice instead of a traditional input device. Users can setup custom commands and vocabulary for dictation.

Voice Control uses the Siri speech-recognition engine to improve on the Enhanced Dictation feature available in earlier versions of macOS. For more information view the resources below:

Use Voice Control on your Mac | Dictate your messages and documents on Mac

Voice Typing in Google Docs Voice Control OS Independent

Voice Typing in Google Docs is available for anyone who has a microphone and a drive account. This is only used for dictation and does not allow for control of the computer in general. Voice typing can be used on a computer or mobile device. For more information view the resources below:

Type with your voice | Voice Typing in Google Docs